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Notes on bismuth
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Crystallography Open Database —Bismuth
From molecules to bismuth oxide-based materials: Potential homo- and heterometallic precursors and model compounds
Topology on a new facet of bismuth
Triphenylbismuth
Triphenylbismuth Ph3Bi / BiPh3 CAS #: 603-33-8 Linear Formula: Bi(C6H5)3 MDL Number MFCD00014064 EC No.: 210-033-4
Triphenylbismuth (Triphenyl bismuth, Ph3Bi or BiPh3 ) is one of numerous volatile CVD/ALD precursor compounds manufactured by American Elements under the trade name AE Organometallics™. Organometallics are useful reagents, catalysts, and starting materials with applications in thin film deposition, industrial chemistry, pharmaceuticals, LED manufacturing, and others. American Elements supplies organometallic compounds in most volumes including bulk quantities and also can produce materials to customer specifications. Most materials can be produced in high and ultra high purity forms (99%, 99.9%, 99.99%, 99.999%, and higher) and to many standard grades when applicable including Mil Spec (military grade), ACS, Reagent and Technical Grades, Pharmaceutical Grades, Optical, Semiconductor, and Electronics Grades. Please request a quote above for more information on pricing and lead time.
Superconducting Bismuth Edge
Bismuth is a heavy element with a high atomic mass (208.9804 u), which can indeed influence its superconducting properties. When bismuth is cooled to very low temperatures, it can exhibit superconductivity with a critical temperature (Tc) around 10^-5 K (extremely low).
The superconducting edge, or the boundary between the superconducting and normal states, can be influenced by the mass of bismuth. In general, the superconducting state is characterized by the formation of Cooper pairs, which are pairs of electrons that behave as a single entity.
Electron Spin-Wave Vortices:
In a superconducting material, the application of a magnetic field can lead to the formation of vortices, which are topological excitations that can be thought of as " whirlpools" of superconducting current. These vortices can be composed of electron spin waves, which are collective excitations of the electron spins.
In the case of bismuth, the high atomic mass and strong spin-orbit coupling can lead to a non-trivial topological character of the superconducting state. This might result in the formation of: 1. String-like vortices: These are one-dimensional topological defects that can form a string of electron spin-wave vortices on the surface of the bismuth sample. 2. Surface states: The surface of a topological superconductor like bismuth can host exotic surface states, such as Majorana fermions, which are zero-energy excitations that can be thought of as "half-electron" states.
Physical Deformities:
The presence of vortices and surface states can lead to physical deformities on the surface of the bismuth sample, such as: 1. Surface roughness: The formation of vortices and surface states can lead to changes in the surface topology, resulting in increased surface roughness. 2. Strain fields: The presence of vortices can also induce strain fields in the material, leading to physical deformities like surface corrugations or nanoscale patterns.
Theoretical Framework:
Theoretical models, such as the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations and the Eilenberger equations, can be used to describe the behavior of superconducting bismuth and the formation of vortices and surface states.
Experimental Realization:
Experimental studies of superconducting bismuth have indeed observed: 1. Vortex lattices: Using techniques like scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and magnetic force microscopy (MFM), researchers have directly imaged vortex lattices on the surface of superconducting bismuth samples. 2. Surface states: Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and STM have been used to study the surface electronic structure of bismuth, providing evidence for the existence of exotic surface states.
Keep in mind that the study of superconducting bismuth and its exotic properties is an active area of research. Experimental and theoretical advancements are continuously refining our understanding of these fascinating materials.
Further
I recommend consulting with experts in the field and reviewing recent research articles on superconducting bismuth and topological superconductors.
Bismuth triple-decker phthalocyanine: synthesis and structure
- Jan Janczak a, Ryszard Kubiak b, Jens Richter c, Hartmut Fuess b
A trimetallic bismuth(I)-based allyl cation
Davide Spinnato 1, Nils Nöthling 1, Markus Leutzsch 1, Maurice van Gastel 1, Lucas Wagner 1, Frank Neese 1,✉, Josep Cornella 1,✉ Author information Article notes Copyright and License information PMCID: PMC11794141 PMID: 39762626 Abstract The chemistry of low-valent bismuth compounds has recently unlocked new concepts in catalysis and unique electronic structure fundamentals. In this work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a highly reduced bismuth salt featuring a cationic core based on three contiguous Bi(I) centres. The triatomic bismuth-based core exhibits an electronic configuration that mimics the canonical description of the archetypical carbon-based π-allyl cation. Structural, spectroscopic and theoretical analyses validate the unique π-delocalization between the bismuth’s highly diffused 6p orbitals, resulting in a bonding situation in which the three bismuth atoms are interconnected by two bonds, formally possessing a 1.5 bond order each. This electronic situation defines this complex as the heaviest and stable π-allyl cation of the periodic table. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the newly synthesized complex is able to act as a synthon for the transfer of a Bi(I) cation to forge other low-valent organobismuth complexes.